Top 668 Gaelic Names

Gaelic refers to a group of languages spoken throughout Scotland, Ireland, and the diaspora known as the ‘Gaidhealtachd’ region. Gaelic names echo the hills of Ireland and cliffs of Scotland, and in them, the history of these proud people is celebrated. Read on to find our lists of common Gaelic names and popular Gaelic baby names, ordered by theme.

Gaelic Names and Meanings

Gaelic names are indigenous to Scotland and Ireland and have been in use long before the development of modern English. These names reflect the culture and history of Ireland and Scotland. Common themes found in Gaelic names include references to wildlife and Christian religious themes. With a Gaelic name, one gives the impression that they are intimately connected with the rolling green hills of Ireland and the intense landscape of Scotland. Such names have qualities like strength and charm and are instantly engaging.

Few European languages have retained so much of their originality compared to Gaelic ones, making Gaelic names very unique. As an ancient language, Gaelic has been influenced from a cultural rather than linguistic perspective. Rather than changing fundamental aspects of Gaelic names, over time, new names with more modern meanings have been added. This means that in one family, one person can have a Gaelic name like Ailfryd, an Irish Gaelic name meaning ‘elf counsel,’ and another can have the Irish Gaelic name Dáibhí, a form of the Hebrew name David meaning ‘beloved.’ Check out our lists of Gaelic names and their meanings, ordered by theme, to learn more about these ancient names.

Top 100 Gaelic Names

Here you will find common Gaelic names and their meanings. These names are popular Gaelic baby names since they have deep roots in Irish and Scottish cultures.

Female Names	Male Names
Aoife – Beautiful, radiant	Sean – God is gracious, gift from God
Ciara – Black	Patrick – Nobleman, patrician
Aisling – Dream, vision	Conor – Lover of hounds, strong-willed
Orla – Golden princess, golden ruler	Liam – Resolute protector
Siobhan – God is gracious, God’s gift	Ronan – Little seal, seal king
Saoirse – Freedom, liberty	Ciaran – Dark-haired, black
Maeve – Intoxicating, she who intoxicates	Aidan – Fire, fiery
Clodagh – Ringing, bell	Eoin – God is gracious
Aine – Radiance, splendor	Fionn – Fair, white
Roisin – Little rose	Darragh – Oak tree, wealthy
Sinead – God is gracious	Niall – Champion, cloud
Fiona – Fair, white	Ryan – Little king, kingly
Sorcha – Bright, radiant	Cillian – War, strife
Caitlin – Pure, innocent	Declan – Full of goodness, man of prayer
Deirdre – Sorrowful, melancholy	Cian – Ancient, archaic
Brigid – Strength, exalted one	Brian – Strong, virtuous
Tara – Hill, tower	Brendan – Prince, little raven
Cara – Beloved, friend	Rowan – Little red one, little redhead
Bridget – Strength, exalted one	Rory – Red king
Erin – From ireland, peace	Michael – Who is like God?, God-like
Shannon – Old river, wise river	Oisin – Little deer, young deer
Cameron – Crooked nose	Shane – Gift from God, God is gracious
Campbell – Crooked mouth	Kevin – Handsome, kind
Bellamy – Fine friend, beautiful friend	Carson – Son of Carr, son of the marsh
Cassidy – Curly-haired, clever	Lorcan – Little fierce one, little fierce warrior
Mairead – Pearl, child of light	Eoghan – Born of yew
Riona – Queenly, queen-like	Colm – Dove
Brianna – Strong, virtuous	Brayden – Brave, wise
Maire – Bitter, wished-for child	Ayden – Little fire, fiery one
Mairin – Star of the sea	Finn – Fair, white
Una – Unity, lamb	Brody – Ditch, muddy place
Caitriona – Pure	Oscar – God’s spear, deer lover
Finola – Fair shoulders	Ruairi – Red king
Enya – Kernel	Finnegan – Fair, white
Keela – Beautiful, slender	Cormac – Son of defilement, charioteer
Lile – Lily or pure	Tadhg – Poet, storyteller
Molly – Bitter, wished for child	Dermot – Free from envy, without enemies
Alaina – Bright, beautiful	Brady – Spirited, broad
Collins – Holly, holly tree	Kieran – Black-haired, dark-skinned
Makenna – Son of Kenneth	Oran – Green, pale
Ailis – Noble or exalted	Cody – Helpful, cushion
Cait – Pure	Daire – Oak, sullen
Carleen – Beloved and light	Seamus – Supplanter, heel grabber
Kinley – White warrior, fair-haired hero	Ian – God is gracious
Keira – Little dark-haired one	Bryan – Strong, high
Nessa – Pure	Eamon – Wealthy guardian, rich protector
Nora – Light, honor	Callan – Rock, battle
Isla – Island, island dweller	Cael – Slender, narrow
Riley – Courageous, valiant	Callum – Dove, dove-like
Quinn – Fifth, wise	Neil – Cloud
Kennedy – Helmeted chief	Tomas – Twin
Sloane – Warrior, raider	Fintan – White fire, white bull
Mackenzie – Child of the fair one	Devin – Poet, bard
Reagan – Little ruler, impulsive	Lachlan – From the fjord-land
Finley – Fair-haired hero, fair warrior	Noel – Christmas, born on Christmas
Lennon – Dear one, lover	Riordan – Royal poet, royal bard
Delaney – Dark challenger	Garrett – Spear strength, spear ruler
Kiara – Dark-haired, little dark one	Troy – Foot soldier, from Troy
Rowan – Little red-haired one	Daegan – Grain or kernel
Blair – Field, plain	Mael – Chief, prince
Teagan – Beautiful, poet	Mack – Son of
Mckenna – Son of Cionaodh	Brogan – Shoe, sturdy shoe
Rory – Red king	Conall – Strong wolf, mighty as a wolf
Logan – Small hollow	Cullen – Holly, holly tree
Skye – Cloud, Isle of Skye	Malachy – Follower of Saint Malachy
Ainsley – One’s own meadow	Callahan – Bright-headed
Kenzie – The fair one	Quinlan – Strong, muscular
Kayleigh – Pure, slender	Owen – Young warrior
Kamryn – Crooked nose	Rowen – Little red-haired one, little red one
Kennedi – Helmeted chief	Shawn – God is gracious, gift from God
Blaire – Field, plain	Finnley – Fair hero, white warrior
Alanna – Attractive or peaceful	Bellamy – Beautiful friend, fine friend
Lennox – With many elm trees	Riley – Courageous, valiant
Nola – Famous, noble	Finley – Fair warrior, white warrior
Sloan – Warrior, raider	Malcolm – Disciple of Saint Columba
Kori – Hollow	Casey – Vigilant, watchful
Shay – Hawk, admirable	Kade – From the wetlands
Leanna – Meadow and grace	Desmond – Gracious defender
Casey – Alert, watchful	Killian – Church, strife
Shea – Hawk, admirable	Sullivan – Dark-eyed, hawk-eyed
Kaylie – Pure and meadow	Ronin – Little seal
Kyleigh – Boomerang or graceful	Quinn – Counsel
Brenda – Prince, sword	Corey – From the hollow, ravine
Lesly – Garden of holly	Lennon – Small cloak, lover
Ireland – From Ireland	Duncan – Dark-skinned warrior
Kernel of a nut	Keenan – Ancient, archaic
Keely – Beautiful, graceful	Glenn – Valley, narrow valley
Oona – Lamb or one	Craig – From the rocks
Rian – Little king, little ruler	Kennedy – Ugly head
Ena – Little fire, fiery	Angus – One strength
Briana – Strong, virtuous	Blair – Plain, field
Corey – From the hollow, ravine	Alastair – Defender of the people
Kaitlyn – Pure, innocent	Rooney – Red-haired
Catriona – Pure	Conner – Lover of hounds, strong-willed
Aileen – Bright, shining	Rian – Little king, kingly
Bria – Strong, noble	Shay – Hawk-like, stately
Oonagh – Lamb, pure	Conan – Little wolf, hound
Daire – Oak, sullen	Tiernan – Little lord, noble
Kelsey – From the ship’s island	Flynn – Red-haired, son of the red-haired one
Kiera – Dark-haired	Iain – God is gracious

Unique Gaelic Names

We’ve collected the most unique Gaelic names into one comprehensive list. These names possess a distinct charm, drawing from ancient Celtic languages and traditions.

Female Names	Male Names
Alba – Refers to scotland in gaelic	Alasdair – Defender of the people
Amber – Amber, gemstone	Blain – Thin or slender
Arlyn – Pledge or oath	Blaine – Thin, lean
Arlynn – Pledge or oath	Breck – Freckled or speckled
Breanna – Hill and grace	Brecken – Freckled, speckled
Brynna – Hill, mound	Brodie – Muddy place
Cailin – Girl	Caden – Fighter, spirit of battle
Codie – Helpful, pillow	Carlin – Little champion, small warrior
Dacey – Southerner, from the south	Cohen – Priest
Dara – Oak tree, wisdom	Colin – Young boy
Erina – Ireland or peace	Connor – Lover of hounds, wise
Eryn – From ireland, peace	Coulter – Back of a horse, colt-herder
Fallon – Leader, superiority	Dallas – Dwells by the waterfall
Hennessy – Descendant of Aonghus, one choice	Daly – Assembly, gathering
Kalie – Pure or slim and fair	Donovan – Dark, brown-haired chieftain
Kamrynn – Crooked nose	Douglas – Dark river
Kaylene – Pure and light	Fergus – Man of vigour
Keelie – Bright-headed or warrior	Fraser – Strawberry
Kelly – Bright-headed, warrior	Grady – Noble, illustrious
Kenadee – Helmeted chief	Irvin – Green water
Korie – Spear, warrior	Kael – Mighty warrior
Kyla – Narrow, slender	Kane – Warrior, battle
Kylah – Narrow strait	Keegan – Small flame, ardent
Leslie – Garden of holly	Kellan – Slender, narrow
Madden – Little dog, small hound	Kendrick – Bold ruler, brave leader
Moira – Bitter, dark-skinned	Kenyon – White
Murphy – Sea warrior, sea battler	Kian – Ancient, archaic
Myrna – Affectionate, darling	Kilian – Church, strife
Quin – Intelligent, wise	Kruse – Jug or pitcher
Quinlee – Wisdom and meadow	Kyle – Narrow, narrow channel
Quinley – Wisdom and meadow	Lennox – With many elm trees
Regan – Little ruler, noble	Loch – Lake
Ryan – Little king, kingly	Lochlan – Land of the lochs
Shaela – Fairy palace	Logan – Little hollow, small meadow
Shaylee – Admirable and meadow	Mac – Son of
Taryn – Hill, rocky hill	Mackenzie – Son of the fair one
Tera – Hill or elevated place	Madden – Little dog
Torri – Victory	Murphy – Sea warrior, sea battler
Trina – Pure	Nolan – Champion, noble one

Strong Gaelic Names

Our list of strong Gaelic names is for the bold, the fighters, and those who can endure. These names evoke a sense of power and resilience and symbolize strength and determination.

Female Names	Male Names
Adair – Ford of the oaks	Art – Bear or stone
Aden – Little fire, ardent	Bain – White, fair
Bevin – Sweet woman, charming lady	Blayne – Thin, lean
Blayne – Yellow	Boyd – Yellow
Brenna – Strength or virtue	Bryant – Strong, high
Cailyn – Pure	Conlan – Hero, champion
Callahan – Bright-headed	Conroy – Red-haired
Callan – Rock	Corwin – Like a raven
Callen – Rock	Curran – Hero
Callum – Dove, dove-like	Curry – Hero, champion
Cayla – Slim, slender	Daren – Great, fruitful
Daryn – Great, oak tree	Darren – Great, oak tree
Dayle – Valley	Deagan – Grain or kernel
Edin – Edinburgh	Dillon – Faithful, loyal
Iona – Blessed, island	Donald – Ruler of the world
Kalen – Slender	Doyle – Dark stranger
Kallan – Battle or rock	Duane – Little dark one
Kayleen – Pure and lake	Edin – Fortunate
Keegan – Small flame, small flame	Ervin – Friend of the sea
Keena – Ancient, wise	Forbes – Field
Keeva – Gentle, beautiful child	Hogan – Young, youthful
Kellan – Slender, mighty	Keagan – Little fire, son of fire
Kendrick – Royal ruler	Keir – Dark-haired, dusky
Kendrix – Royal ruler	Kelden – Slender
Kenna – Born of fire	Kellin – Powerful, bright-headed
Kerry – Descendant of ciardha, dark one	Kendon – Brave guard
Kylen – Narrows or strait	Kyran – Dark-haired, black
Makena – Son of cionaodh	Leith – Broad river
Meara – Sea, from the sea	Macarthur – Son of Arthur
Raegan – Little king	Mel – Council protector
Ragan – Little ruler or impulsive	Neal – Champion, cloud
Reghan – Little ruler or impulsive	Niles – Champion
Rona – Mighty power	Ray – Regal
Ronan – Little seal	Ronny – Ruler’s counselor
Rowen – Little red-haired one, red-haired	Senan – Little wise one, little ancient one
Shailyn – Admirable and lake	Shaw – Wood
Shaye – Admirable or hawk	Trevor – Great settlement
Shaylyn – Admirable and lake	Tristin – Tumult or uproar
Sheridan – Seeker, searcher	Tyron – Land of Owen

Cool Gaelic Names

Cool Gaelic names exude a sense of modernity and are rooted in ancient traditions. Here is our list of cool Gaelic names guaranteed to charm and impress.

Female Names	Male Names
Aerin – Ireland or peace	Aydin – Enlightened or bright
Afton – From the Afton river	Buchanan – House of the canon’s servant
Aidan – Little fire, fiery	Cross – Religious symbol or intersection
Aiden – Little fire, fiery	Delaney – Dark challenger)
Allie – Noble or defender	Donny – World ruler
Aven – Fair, beautiful	Farrell – Hero, valorous
Blaine – Thin, slender	Fin – Fair, white
Breck – Freckled or speckled	Firas – Knight or perspicacity
Brody – Ditch, muddy place	Kaine – Warrior, tribute
Caelan – Powerful warrior, child	Kalin – Strong, mighty
Cohen – Priest	Kamren – Crooked nose
Cori – Hollow	Kamron – Crooked nose
Dacia – From the south	Keefer – Barrel maker
Daly – Assembly, gathering	Keene – Sharp, intelligent
Darcy – Dark	Kendric – Royal chieftain
Devyn – Poet, bard	Kendrix – Royal ruler
Eilis – God is my oath	Kendryck – Greatest champion
Fergie – Man of vigor	Kenny – Handsome
Findlay – Fair-haired hero	Kiandre – Ancient
Kailee – Pure or slim and fair	Kori – Hollow
Kaley – Pure or slim and fair	Kyelle – Virtuous and pure
Kassidy – Curly-haired, clever	Kylen – Narrows or strait
Keilee – Pure or slim and fair	Lochlann – Land of lakes, land of fjords
Korey – Hollow, seething pool	Lon – Noble
Kylan – Narrow	Mackie – Son of
Kyle – Narrows, channel, strait	McCoy – Son of hugh
Kylin – Keeper of the keys, slender	Pharrell – A superior man, heroic
Lee – Meadow or clearing	Phelan – Like a wolf, wolf-like
Mackenna – Son of the handsome one	Quade – Descendant of Uad
Mackenzi – Son of the wise leader	Reagan – Little king, impulsive
Mella – Dark or black	Rion – King
Mikenzi – Son of the wise leader	Ronell – Little seal, seal king
Mikenzie – Son of Kenneth	Ry – Little king, kingly
Rye – Grain rye	Rye – Grain rye
Shae – Admirable or hawk	Sheridan – Wild man, seeker
Shayla – Blind	Sherrod – A wild man
Skylark – A small lark	Teague – Poet, philosopher
Sullivan – Dark-eyed, hawk-eyed	Toren – Chief
Tierney – Lord, regal	Torin – Chief

Beautiful Gaelic Names

This list of beautiful Gaelic names contains examples that sound like music. These names carry an elegance that resonates historically and aesthetically and that reflects Gaelic heritage.

Female Names	Male Names
Aidana – Fire and grace	Aiden – Fiery, little fire
Aila – From the strong place	Ainsley – One’s own meadow
Breena – Strength or virtue	Alby – Bright
Bridgett – Exalted one or strength	Aven – Fair, beautiful
Bridgette – Exalted one or strength	Blaire – Plain, field
Brigette – Exalted one or strength	Bow – Weapon or bow for instruments
Bronte – Thunder	Braden – Salmon
Cadhla – Beautiful, graceful	Caelan – Slender
Caila – Slender, beautiful	Caiden – Battle or fighter
Caileigh – Slender, graceful	Callaghan – Bright-headed, strife
Caitlyn – Pure, innocent	Callen – Rock
Caleigh – Slender, beautiful	Conley – Hero, valiant
Caoirse – Irish word for freedom	Cori – Hollow
Cari – Love, affection	Daley – Assembly, gathering
Carrigan – Little rock	Ennis – Island, choice
Cliona – Shapely, beautiful	Erin – Ireland, from ireland
Colleen – Girl, young woman	Finbar – Fair-haired, fair-headed
Delanie – From the alder grove	Findlay – Fair-haired hero
Donia – World ruler	Kale – Slender
Emeria – Industrious or powerful	Kamryn – Crooked nose
Erynn – Poetic name for ireland	Kassidy – Curly-haired, clever
Kari – Curly or wavy	Keelan – Slender, narrow
Keeley – Slender	Kenzie – Son of the fair one
Keiara – Dark or black	Kylan – Narrow
Keylie – Boomerang or graceful	Kylar – Narrow, strait
Keyona – Brown hills	Kylin – Keeper of the keys, slender
Kiandra – Divine or ancient	Murray – Sea settlement
Kianna – Divine and grace	Padraig – Noble, patrician
Kyelle – Virtuous and pure	Quin – Descendant of Conn, wise
Maille – Bitter or wished-for child	Rafferty – Prosperous, wealthy
Malvina – Smooth brow	Roan – Little red-haired one
Marsali – Pearl	Shae – Admirable or hawk
Neala – Champion, cloud	Shaye – Admirable or hawk
Roise – Rose	Shea – Hawk-like, stately
Sayre – Raven	Sloan – Raider, warrior
Shealynn – Admirable and lake	Sloane – Warrior, raider
Tallulah – Leaping waters, lady of abundance	Teagan – Little poet, attractive
Teaghan – Little poet or attractive	Tully – Peaceful, quiet
Tenille – Born of fire and champion	Whelan – Little wolf, wolf cub

Old Gaelic Names

These old Gaelic names hearken to the age before the Romans, and the Normans arrived. They hold a timeless allure, connecting individuals to the ancient roots of Celtic history and tradition.

Female Names	Male Names
Aigneis – Pure or chaste	Aengus – One choice
Ailbhe – Bright, beautiful	Alan – Handsome, cheerful
Ailen – Rock or light	Allen – Rock or handsome
Ailish – Noble, kind	Aodhan – Fire, fiery
Ailsa – Elf victory	Arland – Pledge, oath
Airleas – Light	Artur – Bear or stone
Aoibhe – Beauty, radiance	Bran – Raven
Arlene – Oath, pledge	Cathan – Battle, warrior
Brid – Strength, exalted one	Colman – Dove
Donella – World mighty	Cormick – Charioteer
Eabha – Life, living	Dace – Type of fish
Eileen – Light	Dagen – Black-haired, dark
Eilidh – Sun ray, shining one	Daithi – Swift, nimble
Eimear – Swift, quick	Donaldo – World leader
Eireen – Peace	Donn – Brown or chief
Eithne – Kernel	Elgin – High-minded; little Ireland
Evleen – Wished-for child or life	Faelan – Little wolf
Fiadh – Wild, untamed	Faolan – Little wolf, wolf
Glenna – From the glen	Fergal – Brave, valorous
Grainne – Grace, charm	Galloway – Region in Scotland
Iseult – Beauty or fair	Glen – Valley
Isolt – Beautiful, fair	Kalan – Stream
Leslee – Garden of holly	Kennan – Ancient
Lesley – Garden of holly	Kenneth – Handsome
Lesli – Garden of holly	Kiel – Church
Maebh – Intoxicating	Micheal – Who is like God?
Meabh – Intoxicating, she who intoxicates	Nevin – Little saint, holy
Morag – Great	Odhran – Pale, sallow
Niamh – Bright, radiant	Orin – Pine tree or river
Onora – Honor	Orren – Pale, fair-haired
Orlagh – Golden princess, golden lady	Orrin – Pale, fair-haired
Orlaith – Golden princess	Ossian – Little deer
Rosina – Rose	Raegan – Little king
Seana – God’s gracious gift, old	Ross – Headland
Shanley – Descendant of the hero	Shandon – Old
Shauna – God is gracious	Tad – Courageous heart, praise
Sheena – God is gracious	Torion – Watchtower
Sheila – Blind, heavenly	Tywin – Owen’s county
Vevila – Harmony	Uilliam – Resolute protection, willful protector

Rare Gaelic Names

Rare Gaelic names offer a sense of exclusivity and uniqueness, often stemming from lesser-known historical and mythological sources. It took significant research to find the names for our list of rare Gaelic names.

Female Names	Male Names
Ailna – White or radiant	Aden – Little fire, fiery one
Aislinn – Dream, vision	Allan – Handsome
Alastriona – Defender of mankind	Arlan – Pledge, oath
Breda – Exalted one	Arlin – Pledge, oath
Bronagh – Sorrow, sadness	Aron – Mountain of strength, exalted
Caireann – Spear, lamentation	Brennan – Little raven, descendant of Braonán
Caireen – Pure	Calan – Stream
Caitria – Pure	Casen – Brave, vigilant
Caoilinn – Slender or narrow	Coleman – Charcoal burner, servant of Nicholas
Caoimhe – Gentle, beautiful, precious	Cory – Hollow
Cliodna – Shapely or graceful	Crosby – Villages with crosses
Dervla – Daughter of a poet, poetess	Darrick – Ruler of the people
Donnacha – Brown warrior	Darrin – Great, oak tree
Eala – Swan, beautiful	Daryn – Great, oak tree
Etain – Jealousy, passion	Deegan – Dark-haired, swarthy
Grania – Grain or charm	Diarmuid – Without enemy, free from envy
Isibeal – Pledged to god	Donal – World ruler
Ita – Thirst, thirsty	Eidan – Little fire
Laoise – Radiant girl, light	Eiden – Little fire
Liadan – Gray	Erian – Ploughs
Macha – Battle	Finnian – Fair, white
Meadbh – Intoxicating or queen	Gannon – Fair-haired, fair-headed
Muire – Bitter or wished-for child	Kalen – Slender
Muirna – Affection or beloved	Kallan – Battle or rock
Nainsi – Grace, favor	Kamrin – Crooked nose
Neasa – Goddess, elegant	Kari – Curly or wavy
Nuala – White shoulder	Kellen – Powerful, mighty warrior
Odhra – Dun-colored	Kelly – Warrior, bright-headed
Orna – Dun-colored	Keon – Ancient, archaic
Peigi – Pearl	Kody – Helpful, pillow
Rionach – Queenly, queen-like	Melvin – Leader, chieftain
Sibeal – Pledged to god	Niel – Champion
Siofra – Elf, sprite	Padraic – Nobleman
Slaine – Health or goodness	Rogan – Red-haired, red-headed
Sorley – Summer traveler	Royan – Red-haired
Treasa – Strength, power	Shan – God is gracious
Triona – Pure	Taran – Thunder
Tulla – Flood or abundance	Torian – A surname
Ultana – Ulster woman, from Ulster	Triston – Tumult or uproar

Famous People with Gaelic Names

Saoirse Ronan was born in the US in 1994 and is of Irish descent. She is an actress best known for her roles in period pieces set in the US and Europe. Her roles in Little Women, Lady Bird, and Brooklyn are of particular note. Her Irish Gaelic name means ‘freedom’ and became popular in Ireland in the 1920s.

Calum Maclean was an Ethnographer who was known for his work in preserving Scottish folklore. He was born in Scotland in 1915, and after World War II, he began collecting Scottish and Irish folk tales by recording them in audio and text. Calum is a Scottish Gaelic name meaning ‘dove.’

Born in Scotland in 1941, Ishbel MacAskill was a traditional Scottish Gaelic singer. She began publicly singing in her late thirties and soon released several albums in Scottish Gaelic. Her Scottish Gaelic name comes from a Hebrew word meaning ‘oath of God.’

Ruaraidh Erskine was a staunch advocate for preserving and celebrating Scottish Gaelic and, as a political activist, fiercely supported Scottish nationalism. He was born in England in 1869 but held close to his Scottish roots and culture. Ruaraidh is a Scottish Gaelic name that means ‘red king.’

Conan O’Brien was born in the US in 1963 and is of Irish descent. Conan is one of America’s most recognizable celebrities due to his work as a host on his hit shows Late Night with Conan O’Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O’Brien. His name is of Irish origin and means ‘wolf.’